Opinion…
Many Americans are not aware
of when Civil War occurred

By DANIEL BURNETT

(EDITOR’S NOTE: Daniel Burnett is the director of communications at the American Council of Trustees and Alumni, a higher education non-profit dedicated to academic excellence.)

It was 1862 in war-weary Washington.

The Emancipation Proclamation, an executive order to free all slaves in areas still in rebellion, was not yet in effect. The United States had already suffered what still remains the bloodiest day in American military history – the Battle of Antietam. And from the U.S. Capitol, the secretary of the Senate read aloud President Abraham Lincoln’s Second Annual Message to Congress.

“Fellow-citizens, we cannot escape history ... The fiery trial through which we pass will light us down in honor or dishonor to the latest generation.”

Abraham Lincoln, whose wisdom belongs to the ages, was sadly wrong on this point.

A study released on the 150th anniversary of the tragic night (April 14, 1865) that John Wilkes Booth slipped into Ford’s Theater and shot Lincoln revealed another tragedy: Lincoln – and much of his legacy – is being lost to the ages. Today, half of the American public doesn’t know when the Civil War took place.

The light from “the fiery trial” of which Lincoln spoke seems to have flickered. Or has it been extinguished?

One in five Americans failed to identify John Wilkes Booth as Lincoln’s assassin and one in three could not identify Lincoln as a leader of the Union Army, in a multiple-choice survey. Just 18 percent knew the effect of Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation. And when asked to identify Lincoln’s words, more respondents chose a passage from the Declaration of Independence than Lincoln’s famous phrase from the Gettysburg Address “that government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish from the earth.”

College graduates, too, struggled with the survey. More than a third of graduates didn’t know when the Civil War took place and only 28 percent knew the effect of the Emancipation Proclamation. Less than 40 percent correctly identified the phrase from the Gettysburg Address – one of the most famous lines in American history – as Lincoln’s.

Sadly, it should come as no surprise. Today, not even one in five colleges requires students to take a single foundational course in American history or government, according to the “What Will They Learn?” study. In South Carolina, just three of the 25 institutions in the report require the course (Coastal Carolina, USC-Aiken and USC-Columbia).

At Michigan’s Oakland University, American history can be swapped with “Foundations of Rock,” “Dance in American Culture,” or “Human Sexuality.”

At the University of California-Berkeley, the requirement can be replaced with “Dutch Culture and Society: Amsterdam and Berkeley in the Sixties.”

And at the University of Colorado, American history can be replaced with “America through Baseball,” “Horror Films in American Culture” or even “Wops and Dons to Movers and Shakers: The Italian-American Experience.”

Niche classes on sex, zombies and musical artists – often financially supported by the American taxpayer – should never be substituted for the basics of our history and system of government. We’re trading Lincoln for Lady Gaga; World War I for One Direction.

Soon we’ll pay a higher price: employers are noticing. Fully 80 percent of employers believe all college students, regardless of major, should acquire broad knowledge in the liberal arts and sciences, according to the Association of American Colleges and Universities.

What is the solution?

The American people and boards of trustees must demand that students graduate college with knowledge of our past. It’s not easy to change the curricula of hundreds of institutions, but once again we should look to the Great Emancipator.

“It is not ‘Can any of us imagine better?’ but ‘Can we all do better?’ ... The occasion is piled high with difficulty, and we must rise with the occasion. As our case is new, so we must think anew and act anew. We must disenthrall ourselves, and then we shall save our country.”

Let’s hope Lincoln was right this time.